It's usually much simpler and better design to think about the simple case first and then piece things together. So start with just modifying one inner list:
discardparitybyte :: [Bit] -> [Bit]
discardparitybyte xs = take 9 xs
When you're happy that this works, you can apply it to all the elements of your data list:
discardallparitybytes :: [[Bit]] -> [[Bit]]
discardallparitybytes xs = map discardparitybye xs
And, if you want to, you can make it shorted by making the functions point-free:
discardparitybyte = take 9
discardallparitybytes = map discardparitybye