You can't do that within the data type declaration.
In order to add such constraints you should define "constructor functions" and apply the validation there, i.e.:
newSecondsInterval :: Float -> Maybe Interval
newSecondsInterval n
| n >= 1 = Just $ Seconds n
| otherwise = Nothing
Note that the "Maybe" type is only a way to handle the case where the supplied value is invalid. Also, in order to provide encapsulation and ensure no one is going to create a new "Interval" by using "Seconds" and "MicroSeconds", you should hide these value constructors in the export list of your module.