On Mon, Mar 10, 2014 at 8:59 AM, Derek McLoughlin <derek.mcloughlin@gmail.com> wrote:
ghci> distance (x, x) $ toVector (y, y)
12.727922061357855

I don't understand why this doesn't work:

ghci> let z = toVector (y, y)
interactive>:32:9:
    No instance for (Vectorizable (Double, Double) v0)
      arising from a use of `toVector'
    The type variable `v0' is ambiguous
    Possible fix: add a type signature that fixes these type variable(s)
    Note: there is a potential instance available:
      instance Vectorizable (Double, Double) (Double, Double)
        -- Defined at vector.hs:13:10
    Possible fix:
      add an instance declaration for (Vectorizable (Double, Double) v0)
    In the expression: toVector (y, y)
    In an equation for `z': z = toVector (y, y)

It seems odd that "toVector" works when used as an argument to
"distance" but not when used in a let expression.

Can anyone explain?

When you use them together, Haskell can infer the correct type for `v0` from the inferred type of `distance` by applying defaulting: the type of `sqrt` introduces a constraint that is subject to defaulting. If you separate them, it can no longer determine a concrete type for your `let`, as multiparameter type classes are not subject to defaulting (and can't be). Also, Haskell cannot conclude from the existence of a single possible instance that it should use that instance: the meaning of your expression would then change if you imported a module which defined a new instance.

The requirement for a concrete type comes from the monomorphism restriction, which is applied to your `let` because `z` has no parameters.

http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Monomorphism_restriction

Many people turn off the monomorphism restriction in ghci to avoid this kind of issue.

    :set -XNoMonomoprhismRestriction

which you can put in ~/.ghci so that it is the default for new ghci sessions.

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