The image I created is designed to mount your source code into the image.
You could certainly stick the source code in the image. do a make, and then distribute that docker image.
The problem is now: how do you modify files with Emacs?
Before it was easy: the source code is mounted from your file system, so you just edit it like you normally would.
There may be solutions here, particularly if everyone is comfortable with using the same few editors. I did put vim into this docker image to have something to edit commit messages with when using arc (although it is probably a better workflow to use arc from the host).
Another problem with this approach of course is that you have to download all the binaries that were built (you don't have to re-download anything else), which will be slow for some.