So there are a couple problems. First is you are trying to rebind prelude functions, when instead you should be creating an instance of Monad. This requires a bit of shuffling because without language extensions you can't instance Monad Random for your type of Random, as it is a type synonym. So, changing the type synonym to a newtype and instancing monad, you get:

module Rand9b where

import Control.Applicative (Applicative(..), (<$>), (<*>))

import Control.Monad (ap, liftM)

type Seed = Int

newtype Random a = Rand { unRand :: (Seed -> (a, Seed)) }

randomNext :: Seed -> Seed

randomNext rand = if newRand > 0 then newRand else newRand + 2147483647

where newRand = 16807 * lo - 2836 * hi

(hi,lo) = rand `divMod` 127773

rollDie :: Random Int

rollDie = Rand $ \ seed -> ((seed `mod` 6) + 1, randomNext seed)

instance Monad Random where

(>>=) = randomBind

return = randomReturn

instance Functor Random where

fmap = liftM

instance Applicative Random where

pure = return

(<*>) = ap

randomBind :: Random a -> (a -> Random b) -> Random b

m `randomBind` g = Rand $ \seed0 ->

let (result1, seed1) = unRand m $ seed0

(result2, seed2) = unRand (g result1) $ seed1

in (result2, seed2)

randomReturn :: a -> Random a

randomReturn x = Rand $ \ seed0 -> (x, seed0)

sumTwoDice :: Random Int

sumTwoDice = (+) <$> rollDie <*> rollDie

I also threw in instances of Functor and Applicative, so that I could simplify sumTwoDice using applicative form (much nicer, no? Applicative is totally rockin')

Now you need one more thing, a way to convert a series of Random actions into a pure function:

runRandom :: Seed -> Random a -> a

runRandom s f = fst . unRand f $ s

which now makes what you want to do in GHCi easy and well wrapped:

Prelude> :reload

[1 of 1] Compiling Rand9b ( rand9b.hs, interpreted )

Ok, modules loaded: Rand9b.

*Rand9b> runRandom 0 sumTwoDice

Hope this helps,

-Ross

On Apr 23, 2009, at 11:28 AM, michael rice wrote:

I pretty much followed the sequence of steps that led to this final code (see below), but will be looking it over for a while to make sure it sinks in. In the meantime, I get this when I try to use it (sumTwoDice) at the command line:

[michael@localhost ~]$ ghci rand9
GHCi, version 6.10.1: http://www.haskell.org/ghc/ :? for help
Loading package ghc-prim ... linking ... done.
Loading package integer ... linking ... done.
Loading package base ... linking ... done.
[1 of 1] Compiling Main             ( rand9.hs, interpreted )
Ok, modules loaded: Main.
*Main> sumTwoDice

<interactive>:1:0:
    No instance for (Show (Seed -> (Int, Seed)))
      arising from a use of `print' at <interactive>:1:0-9
    Possible fix:
      add an instance declaration for (Show (Seed -> (Int, Seed)))
    In a stmt of a 'do' expression: print it
*Main>

Can I employ a 'do' expression from the command line?

Also, can I now use functions (>>) (>>=) and 'return' defined in the Prelude and still have this code work?

Michael

==================

{-# LANGUAGE NoImplicitPrelude #-}

import Prelude hiding ((>>), (>>=), return)

type Seed = Int
type Random a = Seed -> (a, Seed)

randomNext :: Seed -> Seed
randomNext rand = if newRand > 0 then newRand else newRand + 2147483647
    where newRand = 16807 * lo - 2836 * hi
          (hi,lo) = rand `divMod` 127773

rollDie :: Random Int
rollDie seed = ((seed `mod` 6) + 1, randomNext seed)

(>>) :: Random a -> Random b -> Random b
(>>) m n = \seed0 ->
let (result1, seed1) = m seed0
      (result2, seed2) = n seed1
in (result2, seed2)

(>>=) :: Random a -> (a -> Random b) -> Random b
(>>=) m g = \seed0 ->
let (result1, seed1) = m seed0
      (result2, seed2) = (g result1) seed1
in (result2, seed2)

return :: a -> Random a
return x = \seed0 -> (x, seed0)

sumTwoDice :: Random Int
sumTwoDice = rollDie >>= (\die1 -> rollDie >>= (\die2 -> return (die1 + die2)))

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