I would be a +1 to any or all of these changes. I, too, don't see the point in hiding the constructor in a separate module. Like you said, the fromEnum/toEnum instances already give away the farm.
already expose the internal Integer, badly, as an Int.
These are the changes I think we should make to Fixed:
1. Make the internal type generic, similar to Ratio/Rational.
2. Make access to the internal type easy and fast. Ratio has numerator/denominator/(%), but Ratio needs to canonicalise its values to lowest terms. Fixed doesn't need that, so exposing the constructor should serve.
3. Move Data.Fixed into a new package, possibly with Data.Ratio and perhaps other numerics stuff that can be moved out of base.
4. Move div', mod' and divmod' to a more sensible module and maybe rename them, or have them replace div, mod and divmod.
I am somewhat motivated to 1 by calls to make certain time types generic, although that's a separate discussion with its own issues.