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Why do class instance functions behave differently when executed directly in WinGHCi than when loaded from a file?
by Costello, Roger L. 10 Jun '11

10 Jun '11

Hi Folks, I created a file, and in the file I entered this type class and an instance: class MyEqualityOperator a where isEqual :: a -> a -> Bool instance MyEqualityOperator Double where isEqual x y = x == y To test the isEqual function I entered this: test = isEqual 3 4 When I loaded my file into WinGHCi, I got this error: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ambiguous type variable `t' in the constraints: `Num t' arising from the literal `3' at simpleTypeClassTest.hs:11:14 `MyEqualityOperator t' arising from a use of `isEqual' at simpleTypeClassTest.hs:11:5-16 Probable fix: add a type signature that fixes these type variable(s) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Why is it "ambiguous"? Interestingly, when I typed this at the WinGHCi command prompt: isEqual 3 4 I got no error and I got the expected result (False). Why is this? What would I need to do, in my file, to make this work properly: test = isEqual 3 4 /Roger

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can't authenticate to facebook
by Chris Bolton 09 Jun '11

09 Jun '11

anyone have any idea why the following code isn't working? http://sprunge.us/LfJf It just gives: StatusCodeException 400 (Chunk "{\"error\":{\"type\":\"OAuthException\",\"message\":\"Missing client_id parameter.\"}}" Empty) Trying to follow this: http://hackage.haskell.org/packages/archive/authenticate/0.9.0.1/doc/html/W…

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How to know which module my library belongs to ?
by Adrien Haxaire 09 Jun '11

09 Jun '11

Hello, I am writing a finite element method (FEM) library. Nothing serious at the moment, this is my home project to help me learn Haskell and add my stone to the community, as I did not find such a library. For the JSON library, in the folder of the library, there are some files for the licence and cabal, a directoy for the tests and a directory Text, in which there is the directory JSON and the file JSON.hs. I don't know which module should be the parent of my library. I think it is in Mathematics and Physics, like MEEPS for example, but I prefer to ask here to be sure. Many thanks in advance, Adrien

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Re: [Haskell-beginners] "Trinary" version of Either
by Antoine Latter 09 Jun '11

09 Jun '11

On Thu, Jun 9, 2011 at 3:58 PM, Christopher Howard <christopher.howard(a)frigidcode.com> wrote: > My preference would be: just like a regular Monad either instance from mtl, > except that the Middle value also bypasses the bound function. My semantics > would be: left value represents error, right reprents normal results, and > middle represents results that are not erroneous but that prevent further > calculations. I have some idea of how this could be used to chain together > actions and avoid messy branching in code. > >From your description, 'Either (Either errType earlyExitType) a' should do everything you want, then, with the default monad instance for either. You would need something like: > myThrowError = Left . Left > haltExecution = Left . Right Antoine > Sent from my HTC > > ----- Reply message ----- > From: "Antoine Latter" <aslatter(a)gmail.com> > Date: Thu, Jun 9, 2011 8:18 am > Subject: [Haskell-beginners] "Trinary" version of Either > To: "Christopher Howard" <christopher.howard(a)frigidcode.com> > Cc: "Haskell Beginners" <beginners(a)haskell.org> > > > On Thu, Jun 9, 2011 at 10:15 AM, Christopher Howard > <christopher.howard(a)frigidcode.com> wrote: >> Is there a Haskell package out there that provides a "trinary" version >> of Either, i.e., allowing three values instead of two? I can see how >> that would be very handy. Defining one obviously wouldn't be difficult, >> but it would be helpful if someone else had already developed Monad >> bindings and other related stuff. >> > > What would the Monad operations do? > >> -- >> frigidcode.com >> theologia.indicium.us >> >> _______________________________________________ >> Beginners mailing list >> Beginners(a)haskell.org >> http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/beginners >> > > > >

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Infinite type ... or 'not enough type arguments'...
by Sean Charles 09 Jun '11

09 Jun '11

Further to my recent attempts to scan a CSV file and build a map, I now have a foldl calling this with an empty map: --forwardRoutes :: M.Map String [String] -> Record -> M.Map forwardRoutes map row = case lookup map (row!!0) of Nothing -> M.insert (row!!0) [(row !! 1)] map Just routes -> M.insert (row!!0) (row!!1):routes map With the type declaration commented out I get this: scread.hs:102:46: Occurs check: cannot construct the infinite type: a = M.Map [(a, b)] [[(a, b)]] Expected type: M.Map [(a, b)] [[(a, b)]] Inferred type: a In the third argument of `M.insert', namely `map' In the expression: M.insert (row !! 0) [(row !! 1)] map and with it 'in#' i get this error instead... scread.hs:99:52: `M.Map' is not applied to enough type arguments Expected kind `?', but `M.Map' has kind `* -> * -> *' In the type signature for `forwardRoutes': forwardRoutes :: M.Map String [String] -> Record -> M.Map Can anybody help me to understand both problems. I thought I had declared the type signature of forwardRoutes correctly but obv. not! LOL I have seen information that says the "infinite error" message can be cured by supplying types so I did...... Thanks again. Sean

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"Trinary" version of Either
by Christopher Howard 09 Jun '11

09 Jun '11

Is there a Haskell package out there that provides a "trinary" version of Either, i.e., allowing three values instead of two? I can see how that would be very handy. Defining one obviously wouldn't be difficult, but it would be helpful if someone else had already developed Monad bindings and other related stuff. -- frigidcode.com theologia.indicium.us

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Calculations that might fail: with arrays
by Christopher Howard 09 Jun '11

09 Jun '11

I was wondering if there was a stock function or package in Haskell that allows you to map over a list, but short-circuits the mapping if any of the calculations fail. Say, something like this: -- Don't know if this is a valid signature! :) mapThatCanFail :: (b -> Either a b) -> [b] -> Either a [b] The idea being that, if any calculations fail, the function doesn't bother mapping the rest of the list, but just returns a Left value (error). Otherwise, it returns a Right value containing the new list. I suppose I could try to implement that myself, but it seems like the sort of thing that someone would have thought of already. -- frigidcode.com theologia.indicium.us

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translations PCF to LC, reduction
by ahrens 08 Jun '11

08 Jun '11

Hello, sorry for this slightly offtopic post: I am looking for information about translations from the programming language PCF to the pure lambda calculus. I am particularly interested in how those translations behave with respect to reduction in the source and target languages, such as - does a specific translation create new redexes? - are irreducible terms mapped to irreducibles? I'd be grateful for any reference regarding possible translations. Thanks, ben

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How are complex Errors implemented
by Christopher Howard 08 Jun '11

08 Jun '11

So, I know from the source code at hackage that the IOException type is implemented with multiple fields, like so: data IOException = IOError { ioe_handle :: Maybe Handle, -- the handle used by the action flagging -- the error. ioe_type :: IOErrorType, -- what it was. ioe_location :: String, -- location. ioe_description :: String, -- error type specific information. ioe_errno :: Maybe CInt, -- errno leading to this error, if any. ioe_filename :: Maybe FilePath -- filename the error is related to. } deriving Typeable However, the hackage docs for Control.Monad.Error indicates that there is an Error IOException instance. But the Error class requires the implementation of at least one of two functions, noMsg and strMsg, which create an error with either a String or with nothing. Question: in the implementation of Error IOException, how does noMsg or strMsg create new IOExceptions when they don't take all the required information? (I couldn't find the implementation in the source code by clicking the "source" buttons on the page... maybe somebody could post that.) Reason I ask: Lets say I want to create my own error type which is a member of Error, but has multiple record fields. How would I implement noMsg and strMsg? -- frigidcode.com theologia.indicium.us

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A question about network programming
by Raphael Päbst 08 Jun '11

08 Jun '11

Hey all! This is probably a question that shows my incompetence more than anything else, but I'm stuck with some TCP programming. I have some code that looks like this: hdl <- open TCP connection message <- hGetContents hdl answer <- do stuff with message hPut hdl answer hClose hdl My problem is that the stuff that gets done with message happens, but only after I close the connection rom the client's side and then of course it is too late to get the answer out of said connection. What am I doing wrong? Many Thanks Raf

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