Hello all, It took me quite some time to understand >>=. What confused me, was that the second operand is a function, not just a Monad. I believe I am beginning to see the light. First there is no way to sequence operations by just writing one after the other. However we can chain operations by passing the output of one operation to the next. But this does not not allow capturing the intermediate results. With >>= the output of one operation gets magically bound to the parameter of the function and remains in scope all the way through. I was confused by the signature m a -> (a -> mb) -> mb because it looks like there is (as second parameter) a function which returns a Monad. But I doubt I ever saw such a function, in the sense that it does something intelligent. It is typically a function that does not do a whole lot with its parameter, but just returns another Monad, such that its parameter is bound to the result of the previous expression. But it could be done: do x <- SomeMonad y <- someCleverlyConstructedMonad x If I want to see the function of the >>= signature I have to read the do block right->left (following the arrow) and then diagonally to the lower right. The diagonal steps reveal the function. In the above example we have \x -> someCleverlyConstructedMonad but many times I just see do x <- SomeMonad y <- someOtherMonad and the function does not do anything intelligent but just binds x and enforces the sequence of operations. is this about right? -- Martin