Hi Everyone, I was going through the classic Hudak paper "Conception, Evolution, and Application of Functional Programming". Probably the most valuable part is towards the end where he talks about how state is represented in Haskell. On Page 48 of the PDF (page 406 of the ACM Computing survey volume), he gives the following equations "For expository purposes we would like to make the state as implicit as possible, and thus we express the result as a composition of higher-order functions. To facilitate this and to make the result look as much like the original program as possible, we define the following higher-order infix operators and functions": 1 f:=g =\s -> +fs(gs) 2 f;g =\s -> g(fs)=\s-+fs(gs) 3 f;g =\s -> g(fs) 4 goto f = f 5 f+‘g=\s-+fs+gs 6 f<‘g=\s-+fs<gs 7 if’ p c = \s + (if (p s) then (c s) else s) Unfortunately I am unable to parse/understand what he is doing here. My closure understanding too seems to be wonky. :) Would someone be kind enough to translate each of the above into plain english and explain how to read such eqns in the future? thanks!