On Fri, Jul 2, 2010 at 11:12 AM, Brandon S Allbery KF8NH
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On 7/2/10 04:04 , Heinrich Apfelmus wrote:
Jorden M wrote:
C++ `Concepts', which almost made it into the C++0x standard, are roughly similar to Haskell type classes. The proposal for concepts in C++ had a feature called axioms, which allow the programmer to specify semantics on the functions the concept contains. This allows for enforcing things such as the Monad Laws, as well as letting the compiler make certain optimizations it may not have been able to make without axiomatic guarantees.
I have a hard time imagining that axioms are being used to prove properties about programs in a language such as C++... :) Any pointers?
I just took a look at it, and Concepts look to me like Haskell contexts/constraints; an example is:
concept LessThanComparable<typename T> { bool operator<(const T& x, const T& y); }
template<typename T> requires LessThanComparable<T> const T& min(const T& x, const T& y) { return x < y? x : y; }
which is obviously just an Ord costraint on min().
(My initial thought before looking at this was that it was programming by contract, or possibly just making invariants explicit; the latter wouldn't actually prove anything, though.)
requires statements are like contexts. concepts are like type classes. concept_maps are like instances. The particular feature I'm talking about are axioms, which go inside concepts, and allow the programmer to express certain semantic behavior, such as commutativity. Currently, such things are left to the `honest' programmer in Haskell.
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