Although somewhat dated (posted on October 24, 2006 4:39 PM, to be precise), here is an interesting comparison of Haskell and Scheme, by Mark C. Chu-Carroll, a PhD computer scientist who works as a software engineer at Google, on his blog, regarding whether someone should translate Douglas Hofstadter's columns introducing Scheme to replace the Scheme code with Haskell code: Good Math, Bad Math : Haskell and Scheme: Which One and Why? http://scienceblogs.com/goodmath/2006/10/haskell_and_scheme_which_one_a.php The entry discusses differences in syntax, typing, and semantics, and makes for interesting reading. Surprisingly, he states that Haskell syntax is easier to learn for beginners:
I've actually taught an introduction to computer class using Scheme, and the syntax was a big problem.
I think that syntactically, Haskell is a better language for beginners. Haskell syntax is very redundant, which is good for people. Compare these two little snippets:
(define (fact n) (if (= n 0) 1 (* n (fact (- n 1)))))
fact n = if n == 0 then 1 else n * fact(n-1)
Which is easier to read? And the Haskell can get even easier to read and write using pattern matching:
fact 0 = 1 fact n = n * fact (n-1)
Try this comparison:
(define (fold init reducer list) (if (eq? list ()) init (reducer (car list) (fold init reducer (cdr list)))))
versus:
fold init reducer [] = init fold init reducer l:ls = reducer l (fold init reducer ls)
The difference gets much more obvious with bigger pieces of code. Between the deliberate redundancies in Haskell's syntax, and the way that pattern matching lets you decompose programs, the Haskell is significantly clearer.
This is the first time that I have seen a claim that Scheme syntax was a big problem compared to Haskell syntax, but his claims make sense. It makes me wonder whether his students were true beginners.... If his claims are true, though, then we probably need a counterpart to SICP (see http://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/) for Haskell. The closest I can think of is SOE (see http://www.haskell.org/soe/); any alternatives? There's also _The Haskell Road to Logic, Maths and Programming_ (see http://homepages.cwi.nl/~jve/HR/) and _Real World Haskell_ (see http://book.realworldhaskell.org/), but the former is really about using Haskell to learn discrete mathematics and logic, and the latter is not directed toward computer science majors, so they don't correspond very closely. If Haskell is well-suited as a language for beginners, then there shouldn't be any reason for not creating a Haskell alternative. -- Benjamin L. Russell -- Benjamin L. Russell / DekuDekuplex at Yahoo dot com http://dekudekuplex.wordpress.com/ Translator/Interpreter / Mobile: +011 81 80-3603-6725 "Furuike ya, kawazu tobikomu mizu no oto." -- Matsuo Basho^