Cmm learning tools

Daniel Cartwright

16 Jul 2018 16 Jul '18

11:20 p.m.

Hello all, I've recently become interested in learning Cmm, but cannot seem to find any concrete learning resources or extensive papers. It doesn't help that the web seems to contain a lot of useless information for a newcomer to Cmm. If anyone could provide some reading material about Cmm, I would be most grateful.

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Gabor Greif

17 Jul 17 Jul

1:49 a.m.

Hello Daniel, a quick web search brought up this manual: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/1998/01/pal-manu... Please note that Cmm is slightly different, but it should get you started. Cheers, Gabor Em ter, 17 de jul de 2018 às 05:20, Daniel Cartwright escreveu:

...

Hello all, I've recently become interested in learning Cmm, but cannot seem to find any concrete learning resources or extensive papers. It doesn't help that the web seems to contain a lot of useless information for a newcomer to Cmm. If anyone could provide some reading material about Cmm, I would be most grateful. _______________________________________________ ghc-devs mailing list ghc-devs@haskell.org http://mail.haskell.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/ghc-devs

Daniel Cartwright

2 a.m.

Thanks, I'll check it out. P.S.: Apologies if my request seemed low-effort w.r.t. searching, I did spend a good 15 minutes doing so before asking, and was unable to find the document you just produced. On Tue, Jul 17, 2018, 1:49 AM Gabor Greif wrote:

...

Hello Daniel,

a quick web search brought up this manual:

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/1998/01/pal-manu...

Please note that Cmm is slightly different, but it should get you started.

Cheers,

Gabor

Em ter, 17 de jul de 2018 às 05:20, Daniel Cartwright < chessai1996@gmail.com> escreveu:

...
Hello all, I've recently become interested in learning Cmm, but cannot seem to find any concrete learning resources or extensive papers. It doesn't help that the web seems to contain a lot of useless information for a newcomer to Cmm. If anyone could provide some reading material about Cmm, I would be most grateful. _______________________________________________ ghc-devs mailing list ghc-devs@haskell.org http://mail.haskell.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/ghc-devs

Gabor Greif

2:16 a.m.

No worries! I searched for C--, which was its name back in the day. There are a bunch of other conference papers in the "GHC commentary" too. Cheers, Gabor Em ter, 17 de jul de 2018 às 08:00, Daniel Cartwright escreveu:

...

Thanks, I'll check it out.

P.S.: Apologies if my request seemed low-effort w.r.t. searching, I did spend a good 15 minutes doing so before asking, and was unable to find the document you just produced.

On Tue, Jul 17, 2018, 1:49 AM Gabor Greif wrote:

...
Hello Daniel,

a quick web search brought up this manual:

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/1998/01/pal-manu...

Please note that Cmm is slightly different, but it should get you started.

Cheers,

Gabor

Em ter, 17 de jul de 2018 às 05:20, Daniel Cartwright < chessai1996@gmail.com> escreveu:

...
Hello all, I've recently become interested in learning Cmm, but cannot seem to find any concrete learning resources or extensive papers. It doesn't help that the web seems to contain a lot of useless information for a newcomer to Cmm. If anyone could provide some reading material about Cmm, I would be most grateful. _______________________________________________ ghc-devs mailing list ghc-devs@haskell.org http://mail.haskell.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/ghc-devs

Simon Peyton Jones

3:37 p.m.

Here’s a little bit of background. * C—started when Norman Ramsey and I decided to have a stab at designing a “portable assembly language”. * Our primary motivation was GHC: I wanted to clearly separate the business of turning lambda calculus into an imperative language, from that of turning the imperative language into machine instructions for a particular CPU architecture. But our intention was that many compilers, not just GHC, could generate C--. * We published a series of papers describing why this goal is less easy than it looks (tail calls, garbage collection, exception handling, lightweight threading). * But then along came LLVM. It’s goal was the same (some differences in emphasis). And LLVM “won” – it gained mindshare, a corporate sponsor, an ecosystem. I’m quite happy about this – hundreds of person-years invested by someone else 😊. * As a result C—is really a GHC-only language (though nothing stops other compilers from using it) * Cmm is the GHC data type (defined in compiler/cmm) that represents C—syntax trees internally in GHC. * We do parse foo.cmm for a few runtime system support files; e.g. rts/Apply.cmm * But most Cmm is generated from STG by compiler/codeGen * We do CPS conversion on Cmm * …and then either emit LLVM, or generate assembly code directly (compiler/nativeGen) I hope that helps a bit. Simon From: ghc-devs On Behalf Of Gabor Greif Sent: 17 July 2018 07:17 To: Daniel Cartwright Cc: ghc-devs@haskell.org Subject: Re: Cmm learning tools No worries! I searched for C--, which was its name back in the day. There are a bunch of other conference papers in the "GHC commentary" too. Cheers, Gabor Em ter, 17 de jul de 2018 às 08:00, Daniel Cartwright mailto:chessai1996@gmail.com> escreveu: Thanks, I'll check it out. P.S.: Apologies if my request seemed low-effort w.r.t. searching, I did spend a good 15 minutes doing so before asking, and was unable to find the document you just produced. On Tue, Jul 17, 2018, 1:49 AM Gabor Greif mailto:ggreif@gmail.com> wrote: Hello Daniel, a quick web search brought up this manual: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/1998/01/pal-manu...https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fresearch%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F1998%2F01%2Fpal-manual.pdf&data=02%7C01%7Csimonpj%40microsoft.com%7C7bb75be5019e41da25c108d5ebace57c%7C72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7C1%7C0%7C636674050179363610&sdata=FsXmfxGIxygcYNE0B%2BKEtS%2FQ%2BYVTS3FXiIkmY79avys%3D&reserved=0 Please note that Cmm is slightly different, but it should get you started. Cheers, Gabor Em ter, 17 de jul de 2018 às 05:20, Daniel Cartwright mailto:chessai1996@gmail.com> escreveu: Hello all, I've recently become interested in learning Cmm, but cannot seem to find any concrete learning resources or extensive papers. It doesn't help that the web seems to contain a lot of useless information for a newcomer to Cmm. If anyone could provide some reading material about Cmm, I would be most grateful. _______________________________________________ ghc-devs mailing list ghc-devs@haskell.orgmailto:ghc-devs@haskell.org http://mail.haskell.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/ghc-devs https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fmail.haskell.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Fghc-devs&data=02%7C01%7Csimonpj%40microsoft.com%7C7bb75be5019e41da25c108d5ebace57c%7C72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7C1%7C0%7C636674050179373618&sdata=qtMzW379UuYSun9DPOePyGSYMXlBA%2FGLnEzUVHcdkXs%3D&reserved=0

Daniel Cartwright

3:41 p.m.

Thank you, that was very illuminating. On Tue, Jul 17, 2018, 3:37 PM Simon Peyton Jones wrote:

...

Here’s a little bit of background.

- C—started when Norman Ramsey and I decided to have a stab at designing a “portable assembly language”. - Our primary motivation was GHC: I wanted to clearly separate the business of turning lambda calculus into an imperative language, from that of turning the imperative language into machine instructions for a particular CPU architecture. But our intention was that many compilers, not just GHC, could generate C--. - We published a series of papers describing why this goal is less easy than it looks (tail calls, garbage collection, exception handling, lightweight threading). - But then along came LLVM. It’s goal was the same (some differences in emphasis). And LLVM “won” – it gained mindshare, a corporate sponsor, an ecosystem. I’m quite happy about this – hundreds of person-years invested by someone else 😊. - As a result C—is really a GHC-only language (though nothing stops other compilers from using it) - Cmm is the GHC data type (defined in compiler/cmm) that represents C—syntax trees internally in GHC. - We do parse foo.cmm for a few runtime system support files; e.g. rts/Apply.cmm - But most Cmm is generated from STG by compiler/codeGen - We do CPS conversion on Cmm - …and then either emit LLVM, or generate assembly code directly (compiler/nativeGen)

I hope that helps a bit.

Simon

*From:* ghc-devs *On Behalf Of *Gabor Greif *Sent:* 17 July 2018 07:17 *To:* Daniel Cartwright *Cc:* ghc-devs@haskell.org *Subject:* Re: Cmm learning tools

No worries! I searched for C--, which was its name back in the day. There are a bunch of other conference papers in the "GHC commentary" too.

Cheers,

Gabor

Em ter, 17 de jul de 2018 às 08:00, Daniel Cartwright < chessai1996@gmail.com> escreveu:

Thanks, I'll check it out.

P.S.: Apologies if my request seemed low-effort w.r.t. searching, I did spend a good 15 minutes doing so before asking, and was unable to find the document you just produced.

On Tue, Jul 17, 2018, 1:49 AM Gabor Greif wrote:

Hello Daniel,

a quick web search brought up this manual:

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/1998/01/pal-manu... https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fresearch%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F1998%2F01%2Fpal-manual.pdf&data=02%7C01%7Csimonpj%40microsoft.com%7C7bb75be5019e41da25c108d5ebace57c%7C72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7C1%7C0%7C636674050179363610&sdata=FsXmfxGIxygcYNE0B%2BKEtS%2FQ%2BYVTS3FXiIkmY79avys%3D&reserved=0

Please note that Cmm is slightly different, but it should get you started.

Cheers,

Gabor

Em ter, 17 de jul de 2018 às 05:20, Daniel Cartwright < chessai1996@gmail.com> escreveu:

Hello all, I've recently become interested in learning Cmm, but cannot seem to find any concrete learning resources or extensive papers. It doesn't help that the web seems to contain a lot of useless information for a newcomer to Cmm. If anyone could provide some reading material about Cmm, I would be most grateful.

_______________________________________________ ghc-devs mailing list ghc-devs@haskell.org http://mail.haskell.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/ghc-devs https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fmail.haskell.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Fghc-devs&data=02%7C01%7Csimonpj%40microsoft.com%7C7bb75be5019e41da25c108d5ebace57c%7C72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7C1%7C0%7C636674050179373618&sdata=qtMzW379UuYSun9DPOePyGSYMXlBA%2FGLnEzUVHcdkXs%3D&reserved=0

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Daniel Cartwright
Gabor Greif
Simon Peyton Jones