#14828: panic! when using :print on some functions with class constraints? -------------------------------------+------------------------------------- Reporter: jol | Owner: (none) Type: bug | Status: new Priority: normal | Milestone: Component: GHCi | Version: 8.2.2 Resolution: | Keywords: debugger Operating System: Linux | Architecture: x86_64 Type of failure: Compile-time | (amd64) crash or panic | Test Case: Blocked By: | Blocking: Related Tickets: | Differential Rev(s): Wiki Page: | -------------------------------------+------------------------------------- Comment (by RyanGlScott): I spent some time today digging into why exactly this panic happens. The immediate issue appears to be a hiccup in how the interactive debugger handles higher-rank types, which is surprising, considering that none of the types in the original description appear to be higher-rank. For the time being, just take my word for it that this is true—I'll return to this point later. Here is an example showing that `:print` chokes on a term with a higher- rank type: {{{ GHCi, version 8.2.2: http://www.haskell.org/ghc/ :? for help Loaded GHCi configuration from /home/rgscott/.ghci λ> f :: (forall a. a -> a) -> b -> b; f g x = g x λ> :print f ghc: panic! (the 'impossible' happened) (GHC version 8.2.2 for x86_64-unknown-linux): isUnliftedType t1_a1tY[rt] :: TYPE t_a1tX[rt] Call stack: CallStack (from HasCallStack): prettyCurrentCallStack, called at compiler/utils/Outputable.hs:1133:58 in ghc:Outputable callStackDoc, called at compiler/utils/Outputable.hs:1137:37 in ghc:Outputable pprPanic, called at compiler/types/Type.hs:1952:10 in ghc:Type }}} The fact that the panic mentions `t1_a1tY` is a bit curious... I wonder what happens if we try an older version of GHC? {{{ GHCi, version 8.0.2: http://www.haskell.org/ghc/ :? for help Loaded GHCi configuration from /home/rgscott/.ghci λ> f :: (forall a. a -> a) -> b -> b; f g x = g x λ> :print f f = (_t1::t1) }}} Ah, this //doesn't// panic on GHC 8.0, so this must be a regression introduced between 8.0 and 8.2. Moreover, note that even in 8.0, `:print f`'s behavior is strange: it prints out a thunk of type `t1` instead of, say, `(forall a. a -> a) -> b -> b`. This must explain where the `t1_a1tY` in the 8.2 panic comes from, since that is the type of `_t1` (with its unique explicitly printed). What changed between GHC 8.0 and 8.2 that would trigger this panic? As it turns out, it's commit e7985ed23ddc68b6a2e4af753578dc1d9e8ab4c9 (` Update levity polymorphism`). Specifically, [https://gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/ghc/commit/e7985ed23dd#7cf100051b3d8b0e1a0d4f... this change]: {{{#!diff diff --git a/compiler/ghci/Debugger.hs b/compiler/ghci/Debugger.hs index 64ac1540aa..4d7f8e3ef0 100644 --- a/compiler/ghci/Debugger.hs +++ b/compiler/ghci/Debugger.hs @@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ import Var hiding ( varName ) import VarSet import UniqFM import Type -import Kind import GHC import Outputable import PprTyThing @@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ pprintClosureCommand bindThings force str = do term_ <- GHC.obtainTermFromId maxBound force id' term <- tidyTermTyVars term_ term' <- if bindThings && - False == isUnliftedTypeKind (termType term) + (not (isUnliftedType (termType term))) then bindSuspensions term else return term -- Before leaving, we compare the type obtained to see if it's more specific }}} I'm not sure if this was Richard's intention, but this patch actually changes the behavior of `:print`. Unlike `isUnlifedTypeKind`, `isUnliftedType` is a partial function. If `isUnliftedType` cannot ascertain with 100% confidence that a type is unlifted, then it throws the `isUnliftedType` panic we saw above. Evidently, GHC isn't 100% confident that `t1_a1tY` is unlifted. This proposes one possible patch. Instead of checking if `not (isUnliftedType (termType term))` returns `True`, we could check is `isLiftedType_maybe (termType term)` returns `Just True`. This "inverts" the check by querying if GHC is 100% certain that `termType term` is //lifted//, and moreover, `isLiftedType_maybe` won't panic if that isn't the case. ----- So why are functions like `fmap`, which appear not to be higher-rank, trigger this panic? `-ddump-rtti` reveals the answer: {{{ GHCi, version 8.2.2: http://www.haskell.org/ghc/ :? for help Loaded GHCi configuration from /home/rgscott/.ghci λ> :set -ddump-rtti λ> :print fmap Term reconstruction started with initial type forall (f :: * -> *). GHC.Base.Functor f => forall a b. (a -> b) -> f a -> f b Unknown closure: Fun check2 passed add constraint: t1_a1sK[tau:1] = GHC.Base.Functor f0_a1sI[tau:1] => forall a b. (a -> b) -> f0_a1sI[tau:1] a -> f0_a1sI[tau:1] b Term reconstruction completed. Term obtained: _ Type obtained: t1_a1sK[rt] ghc: panic! (the 'impossible' happened) (GHC version 8.2.2 for x86_64-unknown-linux): isUnliftedType t1_a1sK[rt] :: TYPE t_a1sJ[rt] Call stack: CallStack (from HasCallStack): prettyCurrentCallStack, called at compiler/utils/Outputable.hs:1133:58 in ghc:Outputable callStackDoc, called at compiler/utils/Outputable.hs:1137:37 in ghc:Outputable pprPanic, called at compiler/types/Type.hs:1952:10 in ghc:Type }}} In particular, take special notice of these parts: {{{ Term reconstruction started with initial type forall (f :: * -> *). GHC.Base.Functor f => forall a b. (a -> b) -> f a -> f b }}} {{{ add constraint: t1_a1sK[tau:1] = GHC.Base.Functor f0_a1sI[tau:1] => forall a b. (a -> b) -> f0_a1sI[tau:1] a -> f0_a1sI[tau:1] b }}} `:print` starts with the type `forall f. Functor f => forall a b. (a -> b) -> f a -> f b` which, strictly speaking, is higher-rank, as there is a nested use of `forall a b`. Normally, we don't think of `forall`s to the right of `=>` as higher-rank, since we can "float" them out to the front of the type, but `:print` doesn't appear to be doing this, since the `add constraint` logging message says that `t1_a1sK` is equal to `Functor f0 => forall a b. (a -> b) -> f0 a -> f0 b`, where `f0` is a metavariable. Note that `:print` seems to have instantiated `f` with a metavariable, but not `a` or `b`! If `:print` had done that, then `t1_a1sK` would not be higher- rank at all, avoiding this panic in the first place. Of course, even if we did this smarter metavariable instantiation, the problem of higher-rank types crashing `:print` would still linger. This suggests that we should fix the `isUnliftedType` panic first, and then we can worry about future steps like making the type of `fmap` render correctly with `:print`. -- Ticket URL: <http://ghc.haskell.org/trac/ghc/ticket/14828#comment:4> GHC <http://www.haskell.org/ghc/> The Glasgow Haskell Compiler