This is driving me nuts. So I have a type class HasStructParser I've defined. Details are irrelevant except that if you have HasStructParser defined, then ToJSON is also defined. So I have: instance HasStructParser s => ToJSON s where ... But now, any type that defines ToJSON any other way causes an Overlapping Instances error to happen- the conflict being between the real ToJSON implementation and the one deriving from HasStructParser- this despite the fact that there is no implementation for HasStructParser for the given type. Now, I don't want to allow Overlapping Instances because if there are *real* overlapping instances, I want that to be an error. For instance, if a structure did implement HasStructParser and some other implementation of ToJSON, I want to know. I suppose I could go: newtype JSON a = JSON a instance HasStructParser s => ToJSON (JSON s) where ... But this strikes me as being ugly- now I have to add pointless JSON constructors everywhere I want to convert to (or from) JSON. And this also pollutes my type signatures all over the place- now I can't write a servant endpoint type like: :<|> "foo" :> "bar" :> Get '[JSON] [Foo] I have to write: :<|> "foo" :> "bar" :> Get '[JSON] [JSON Foo] And, of course, if I want to have multiple different types of outputs, now we're off to the races. So my question is, is there a way to do this without throwing the baby out with the bath water (turning on overloaded instances) or being seriously ugly? Or am I just screwed? Brian