Dear Café, since the topic recently was rendering text, I'd like to ask a related design question. I want a version of printf that - is more type-safe because unused or surplus arguments cause compile-time errors, - the formatting instructions can use arguments out of order and more than once, - is polymorphic in the text type being built: Suppose I want to build a Pandoc Block but the holes are of type Inline. The format string must therefore be able to promote the Block type's constructors to constructors with holes. The closest match I know of is HoleyMonoid [1] but it only provides printf-like holes, whereas I need named positional arguments like arg1, arg2 etc. that can be repeated. Document templating libraries provide these, but all templating libraries I looked at are type-unsafe. In order to fulfill the second requirement, one could use the free monad over a Reader functor, e.g. Free ((->) (forall a. Show a => a)) String with some custom instances. Here one can use the nesting levels of the free monad to encode the argument position. But it is just as type-unsafe as printf. Funneling return type constructors through this works sort of, but it's awkward. One can achieve type saftey with type classes like printf does: class Eventually r a where eventually :: r -> a instance Eventually r r where eventually = id instance (Eventually r a) => Eventually r (b -> a) where eventually r = const (eventually r) This class can be used to inject constant Text into any nesting of (Text -> ... -> Text -> Text) and argument position is indeed function argument position. But using this system often leads to type ambiguity errors. Also, it is so type-safe that it is impossible to write a function taking a natural number and returning the hole of the corresponding position: Such a function would be dependently-typed. My current best implementation uses a combination of Eventually and HoleyMonoid, but I'm not entirely satisfied. Olaf [1] https://hackage.haskell.org/package/HoleyMonoid