[Haskell-cafe] Re: Can we come out of a monad?

Ivan Miljenovic wrote:

On 1 August 2010 20:43, Ertugrul Soeylemez wrote:

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There are no functions with side effects in Haskell, unless you use hacks like unsafePerformIO.  Every Haskell function is perfectly referentially transparent, i.e. pure.

At code-writing time, yes; at run-time there are side effects...

In terms of what a function does, is readFile actually pure?

Yes, it's a pure function. But it models a computation, which changes the world's state. If you happen to get a real Haskell code representation of 'readFile', you can safely replace its call by its body without messing things up (applying the usual lambda reduction rules, of course). Note that a "function" is something of type 'a -> b' for some type a and some type b. The result of the function 'readFile' is not of type String, but of type IO String. For the same file name parameter, it always gives the same result computation. It is really questionable whether it makes sense to use the term "impure" for the computations, which are modelled by IO. I don't think we have a useful theoretical foundation for what "impure" means in this context. You can model IO as State Universe (regardless of the problems with that model), in which case even the computations are perfectly pure and representable as Haskell functions. In fact the Clean language uses this model, whereas Haskell leaves this abstract. Greets, Ertugrul -- nightmare = unsafePerformIO (getWrongWife >>= sex) http://ertes.de/