Re: [Haskell-cafe] On to applicative

Prelude FmapFunc> let s = show :: ((->) Int) String Prelude FmapFunc> :t s s :: Int -> String Prelude FmapFunc> let v = fmap ("hello " ++) s Prelude FmapFunc> :t v v :: Int -> String Prelude FmapFunc> v 1 "hello 1" -- ryan On Tue, Aug 31, 2010 at 11:28 AM, michael rice wrote:

I'm not sure if my terminology is correct or even if my question makes sense, but I can create "instances" of Maybe, List, IO, and Either.

Prelude Data.Either> let m = Just 7 Prelude Data.Either> :t m m :: Maybe Integer

Prelude Data.Either> let l = 2:[] Prelude Data.Either> :t l l :: [Integer]

Prelude Data.Either> let g = getLine Prelude Data.Either> :t g g :: IO String

Prelude Data.Either> let e = Right "abc" Prelude Data.Either> :t e e :: Either a [Char]

All these instances are functors, each with its own version of fmap that can be applied to it.

How can I similarly create an instance of (->) so I can apply (->)'s version of fmap

instance Functor ((->) r) where fmap f g = (\x -> f (g x))

to it?

Michael

--- On *Tue, 8/31/10, Vo Minh Thu * wrote:

From: Vo Minh Thu Subject: Re: [Haskell-cafe] On to applicative To: "michael rice" Cc: haskell-cafe@haskell.org Date: Tuesday, August 31, 2010, 1:50 PM

2010/8/31 michael rice http://mc/compose?to=nowgate@yahoo.com

...

So it's a type constructor, not a type? Could you please provide a simple

example of its usage?

Sure, although I'm sure you've come by some already.

-- the identity function id :: a -> a -- often, we write it like this: -- id x = x -- but here we see the relationship between the ananymous function syntax and the function type: id = \x -> x

In fact, if you write in prefix form, it is quite familiar: f :: (->) Int Bool e = Either String Float

Cheers, Thu

...

Michael

--- On Tue, 8/31/10, Vo Minh Thu http://mc/compose?to=noteed@gmail.com> wrote:

From: Vo Minh Thu http://mc/compose?to=noteed@gmail.com

Subject: Re: [Haskell-cafe] On to applicative To: "michael rice" http://mc/compose?to=nowgate@yahoo.com

Cc: haskell-cafe@haskell.orghttp://mc/compose?to=haskell-cafe@haskell.org Date: Tuesday, August 31, 2010, 1:17 PM

2010/8/31 michael rice http://mc/compose?to=nowgate@yahoo.com

...

"Learn You a Haskell ..." says that (->) is a type just like Either.

Where can I find its type definition?

You can't define it *in* Haskell as user code. It is a built-in infix type constructor (Either or Maybe are type constructors too, not just types). In fact, if you want to implement a simple, typed functional language, you'll find it is the only built-in type constructor you have to implement (as the implementor of the language).

Also, Show a => a is a type too, but you won't find a definition for 'a' or for '=>'. All those things are defined by the language.

Cheers, Thu

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