Reto, You gave us a code snippet:
The code below does not compile unless the "bar" function is annotated with a suitable constraint on the class of the formal parameter.
module Main where
class (C a) data (C foo) => XY foo = X foo | Y foo
bar :: a -> XY a bar aFoo = X aFoo
main = return ()
And asked:
Can someone explain to me why the compiler can not infer that "a" (in bar) must be (C a) from the bar result type "XY a" (by way of the "C class" provided for the datatype)?
Well, the compiler can infer this type, but it does not even try to do so, because you yourself explicitly gave a type signature for bar. So, then the compiler only checks whether bar indeed has the claimed type. Here, it does not, because the type you gave is too general. If you would have omit the signature, the compiler would have inferred the right type, i.e., including the class constraint. If you look at type signatures as machine-checkable documentation, then the compiler here pointed you at a flaw in your documentation. Cheers, Stefan