Grigory> So now I wonder, what are the languages that are functional in Grigory> the sense above? With a reasonable syntax and semantics, thus Grigory> no assembler. I guess Lisp might be of this kind, but I'm not Grigory> sure. In addition, I'm not a fan of parentheses. What else? Grigory> Pure? Mathematica? Maxima? Indeed you want a *different* programming language. But it won't be *better*, just different. Indeed, as soon as your program react to the implementation of its functions, you will be in a land where you lose a fundamental abstraction, so you won't be able to change implementation anymore whithout changing callers as well. I am curious what are interesting use-cases for that ? Symbolic analysis ? self-compilers ? -- Paul