Re: [Haskell-cafe] Question about instance

13 Jan 2005

      Thanks, Andreas.  Your example still left me without context in the show
statement itself, but your message set me to look in the right place.

Now I have

--- Code
...
data Relation a i b = Rel {name::RN, arity::Int, members::(Set [EN])}
instance (Show a, Show i, Show b) => Show (Relation a i b)
  where
    show (Rel a i b) =
                   a ++ "/" ++ (show i) ++ " "
                   ++ (show b)
---
with result:
---GHCI

Prelude> :l test.hs
Compiling Main             ( test.hs, interpreted )
Ok, modules loaded: Main.
*Main> mkRelation1 "test" 2 [["one","two"], ["three","four"]]
test/2 mkSet [["one","two"],["three","four"]]
*Main>
---End GHCI

It's hard to find examples like this, and the fact that it is fairly
standard practice for the type name and constructor names to be the same
in, for example, Gentle Haskell, and Haskell School of Expression make it
more difficult for the novice to see when each is used!

Best,

John Velman

On Fri, Jan 14, 2005 at 01:49:57AM +0100, Andreas Marth wrote:
...
If you replace
...
data Relation  = Relation {name::RN, arity::Int, members::(Set [EN])}
with
data Relation  = Rel {name::RN, arity::Int, members::(Set [EN])}
you will easy find out what is wrong and come to:
...
import Data.Set
type EN = String  -- element name
type RN = String  -- relation name
instance Show a => Show (Set a) where
  show s = "mkSet " ++ show (setToList s)
data Relation  = Rel {name::RN, arity::Int, members::(Set [EN])}
instance Show (Relation)
  where
    show (Rel a i b) = a ++ "/" ++ (show i) ++ " " ++ (show b)
Of course you can now change Rel back to Relation. But because of the
problems you just experienced I don't like it to name a type and its
constructor the same.
Happy coding,
Andreas
----- Original Message ----- 
From: "John Velman" 
To: 
Sent: Friday, January 14, 2005 1:29 AM
Subject: [Haskell-cafe] Question about instance
...
Instance with a context doesn't seem to work as I expect.
Here's the story:
I define an data type, Relation, and I want to make it an instance of
"Show", partly so I can debug and tinker with things interactively and
have
ghci print something.
Here is my first try:
----
...
import Data.Set
type EN = String  -- element name
type RN = String  -- relation name
instance Show a => Show (Set a) where
  show s = "mkSet " ++ show (setToList s)
data Relation  = Relation {name::RN, arity::Int, members::(Set [EN])}
instance (Show a, Show i, Show b) => Show (Relation a i b)
  where
    show (Relation a i b) =
                   a ++ "/" ++ (show i) ++ " "
                   ++ (show b)
----
When I try to load this into ghci, I get:
---GHCI:
*Main> :l test.hs
Compiling Main             ( test.hs, interpreted )
test.hs:14:
    Kind error: `Relation' is applied to too many type arguments
    When checking kinds in `Relation a i b'
    When checking kinds in `Show (Relation a i b)'
    In the instance declaration for `Show (Relation a i b)'
Failed, modules loaded: none.
Prelude>
---END GHCI
But, when I define showRelation separately, then leave the context out of
the instance declaration with show = showRelation it works:
-----------(Everything down to the instance declaration is the same)
...
instance  Show Relation
  where
    show = showRelation
showRelation:: Relation -> String
showRelation (Relation a i b) =
                   a ++ "/" ++ (show i) ++ " "
                   ++ (show b)
-----------
Now I get:
----------- GHCI output:
Prelude> :l test.hs
Compiling Main             ( test.hs, interpreted )
Ok, modules loaded: Main.
*Main> mkRelation1 "test" 2 [["one","two"], ["three","four"]]
test/2 mkSet [["one","two"],["three","four"]]
*Main>
---------- End GHCI
Why does the original instance declaration result in failure and the
message "Kind error: `Relation' is applied to too many type arguments" (I
confess to not understanding 'kinds' too well.)
I've done a bit of tinkering with the original version, and have tried the
second version with a context in the instance declaration, but none of my
attmepts work.  The only one that worked was the one shown, with no
context
in the instance declaration.  Needless to say (?), I've tried to
understand this from reading in the Haskell 98 report, `Haskell school of
Expression', and any place else I can think of, but I'm missing the point
somewhere.
Thanks,
John Velman
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