Recently I had to navigatate trough data structures chained with mutable referenes in th STM monad. The problem is that their values are enveloped in Either or Maybe results. functional compositions in the Either of Maybe , or list monads are not possible when the values are embedded inside effect monads (i.e. STM or IO) . I tried to find some trick to handle it. to summarize, given: foo, : a -> m (Maybe b) bar : b -> m (Maybe c) baz : c -> m (Maybe d) how to compose foo bar and baz? Or, at least, Are something out there to handle it in the less painful way?. I solved the generalized problem (chaining any double monadic combination) with a sort of monadic connector that acts as a " double monadic" operator
== so that
return. return (x :: a) >>>>== foo >>>== bar >>>== baz can be possible. Although I don't know if it is the best solution. I wonder why nobody has written about it before: class (Monad m, Monad n) => Bimonad m n where (>>>=) :: n a -> (a -> m(n b)) -> m(n b) (>>>>==) :: (Bimonad m n) => m (n a) -> (a -> m(n b)) -> m (n b) (>>>>==) x f = x >>= \y -> y >>>= f x >>>> f = x >>>>== \ _-> f infixl 1 >>>>==, >>>> The instance for handling the Maybe monad under any other monad is very similar to the definition of the "normal" monad: instance (Monad m) => Bimonad m Maybe where Just x >>>= f = f x Nothing >>>= _ = return $ Nothing