Hello Haskell Cafe, I have written a small, pretty simple program but I am finding it hard to reason about its behavior (and also about the best way to do what I want), so I would like to ask you all for some suggestions. For reference, here's a Stack Overflow question https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48330690/haskell-conduit-aeson-parsing-l... where I described what's going on, but I'll also describe it below. My program does the following: 1. Recursively list a directory, 2. Parse the JSON files from the directory list into identifiable objects/records, 3. Look for matching key-value pairs, and 4. Return filenames where matches have been found. A few details for more context: - I have to filter between 500,000 and 1 million files (I'm typically trying to reduce down to between 1,000 and 40,000 that represent a particular project). I usually just need the filenames. - Each file is quite large, some of them 5mb or 10mb, and it's not uncommon for them to have deeply nested keys (40,000 keys or so). My first version of this program was simple, synchronous, and as straightforward as I could come up with. However, the memory usage increased monotonically. Profiling, I found that most of the time was spent in JSON-parsing into Objects before my code could turn the objects into records (also, as you might imagine, tons of time in garbage collection). For my second version, I switched to conduit and it seemed to solve the increasing memory issue. My core function now looked like this: conduitFilesFilter :: ProjectFilter -> Path Abs Dir -> IO [Path Abs File] conduitFilesFilter projFilter dirname' = do (_, allFiles) <- listDirRecur dirname' C.runConduit $ C.yieldMany allFiles .| C.filterMC (filterMatchingFile projFilter) .| C.sinkList This was still slow and certainly still synchronous. What I really wanted was to run that "filterMatchingFile..." part in parallel across a number of CPUs. As an aside, my filtering function looks like this: filterMatchingFile :: ProjectFilter -> Path Abs File -> IO Bool filterMatchingFile (ProjectFilter filterFunc) fpath = do let fp = toFilePath fpath bs <- B.readFile fp case validImplProject bs of -- this is pretty much just `decodeStrict` Nothing -> pure False (Just proj') -> pure $ filterFunc proj' Here are the stats from running this: 115,961,554,600 bytes allocated in the heap 35,870,639,768 bytes copied during GC 56,467,720 bytes maximum residency (681 sample(s)) 1,283,008 bytes maximum slop 145 MB total memory in use (0 MB lost due to fragmentation) Tot time (elapsed) Avg pause Max pause Gen 0 108716 colls, 108716 par 76.915s 20.571s 0.0002s 0.0266s Gen 1 681 colls, 680 par 0.530s 0.147s 0.0002s 0.0009s Parallel GC work balance: 14.99% (serial 0%, perfect 100%) TASKS: 10 (1 bound, 9 peak workers (9 total), using -N4) SPARKS: 0 (0 converted, 0 overflowed, 0 dud, 0 GC'd, 0 fizzled) INIT time 0.001s ( 0.007s elapsed) MUT time 34.813s ( 42.938s elapsed) GC time 77.445s ( 20.718s elapsed) EXIT time 0.000s ( 0.010s elapsed) Total time 112.260s ( 63.672s elapsed) Alloc rate 3,330,960,996 bytes per MUT second Productivity 31.0% of total user, 67.5% of total elapsed gc_alloc_block_sync: 188614 whitehole_spin: 0 gen[0].sync: 33 gen[1].sync: 811204 I thought about writing a plainer (non-conduit) parallel version but I was afraid of the memory issue. I tried to write a Conduit-plus-channels version but it didn't work. Finally, I wrote a version using stm-conduit, which I thought might be a bit more efficient. It seems to be slightly better, but it's not really the kind of parallelization I was imagining: conduitAsyncFilterFiles :: ProjectFilter -> Path Abs Dir -> IO [String] conduitAsyncFilterFiles projFilter dirname' = do (_, allFiles) <- listDirRecur dirname' buffer 10 (C.yieldMany allFiles .| (C.mapMC (readFileWithPath . toFilePath))) (C.mapC (filterProjForFilename projFilter) .| C.filterC isJust .| C.mapC fromJust .| C.sinkList) The first conduit passed to `buffer` does something like the following: parseStrict . B.readFile. This still wasn't too great, but after reading about handing garbage collection in smarter ways, I found that I could run my application like this: stack exec search-json -- --searchPath $FILES --name hello +RTS -s -A32m -n4m And the "productivity" would shoot up quite a lot presumably because I'm doing less frequent garbage collection. My program also got a bit faster: 36,379,265,096 bytes allocated in the heap 1,238,438,160 bytes copied during GC 22,996,264 bytes maximum residency (85 sample(s)) 3,834,152 bytes maximum slop 207 MB total memory in use (14 MB lost due to fragmentation) Tot time (elapsed) Avg pause Max pause Gen 0 211 colls, 211 par 1.433s 0.393s 0.0019s 0.0077s Gen 1 85 colls, 84 par 0.927s 0.256s 0.0030s 0.0067s Parallel GC work balance: 67.93% (serial 0%, perfect 100%) TASKS: 10 (1 bound, 9 peak workers (9 total), using -N4) SPARKS: 0 (0 converted, 0 overflowed, 0 dud, 0 GC'd, 0 fizzled) INIT time 0.001s ( 0.004s elapsed) MUT time 12.636s ( 12.697s elapsed) GC time 2.359s ( 0.650s elapsed) EXIT time -0.015s ( 0.003s elapsed) Total time 14.982s ( 13.354s elapsed) Alloc rate 2,878,972,840 bytes per MUT second Productivity 84.2% of total user, 95.1% of total elapsed gc_alloc_block_sync: 9612 whitehole_spin: 0 gen[0].sync: 2044 gen[1].sync: 47704 Thanks for reading thus far. I now have three questions. 1. I understand that my program necessarily creates tons of garbage because it parses and then throws away 5mb of JSON 500,000 times. However, I don't really understand why this helps "+RTS -A32m -n4m" and I'm always reluctant to sprinkle in magic I don't fully understand. Can anyone help me understand what this means? 2. It seems that the allocation limit is really something I should be using, but I can't figure out how to successfully add it to my package.yml with the other options. From the documentation for GHC 8.2, I thought it needed to look like this but it never works, usually telling me that -A32m and -n4m are not recognizable flags (how do I add them in to my package.yml so I don't have to pass them when running the program?): ghc-options: - -threaded - -rtsopts - "-with-rtsopts=-N4 -A32m -n4m" 3. Finally, the most important question I have is this. When I run this program on OSX, it runs successfully through to completion. However, *a few minutes after terminating*, my terminal becomes unresponsive. I use emacs for my editor, typically launched from a terminal window and that too becomes unresponsive. This is not a typical outcome for any programs I write and it happens *every time* I run this particular application, so I know that this application is to blame. The crazy thing is that force quitting the terminal or logging out doesn't help: I have to actually restart my computer to use the terminal application again. Other details that may help: - This crash happens after the process id for my program has terminated. - Watching its progress in HTOP, it never comes close to running out of memory: the value hovers in the same place. I can't really deploy an application that has this potential-crashing problem, but I don't know to debug this issue. My total stab-in-the-dark idea is that heap allocations somehow are unrecoverable even after the process has terminated? Can anyone offer suggestions on things to look for or ways to debug and/or fix this issue? Finally, if anyone has suggestions on better ways to structure my application or parallelize the slow parts, I'll happily take those. Thanks again for reading. I appreciate any suggestions you may have. Best, -- Erik Aker