[Haskell-cafe] Fwd: Re: Overlapping instances

Oddly, this message was rejected by the system. Trying again. ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: "David Feuer" Date: Feb 24, 2016 10:04 PM Subject: Re: [Haskell-cafe] Overlapping instances To: "Mitchell Rosen" Cc: "Haskell-cafe" It's possible that GHC will backtrack with overlapping enabled (I can't remember, and overlapping instances give me hives) but it doesn't have here. The first instance is "more specific" than the second because the type variable x appears twice. On Feb 24, 2016 9:49 PM, "Mitchell Rosen" wrote:

Consider this "list membership" typeclass and two overlapping instances:

class Elem (x :: k) (xs :: [k])

instance {-# OVERLAPS #-} Elem x (x ': xs) instance {-# OVERLAPS #-} Elem x xs => Elem x (y ': xs)

The inductive style is satisfying, but I'm struggling to understand exactly how GHC can pick one instance over the other.

How is a constraint like Elem Int [Int] solved? Certainly the Elem x (x ': xs) instance matches, with x = Int and xs = []. But, the second instance is also equally valid with x = Int, y = Int, xs = []. Even though *if *the second instance is chosen, the context cannot be satisfied (no instance for Elem x []), it's my understanding that GHC will not backtrack once it picks an instance. And because both instances look valid to me, I don't understand why this code does not require IncoherentInstances.

Thanks.

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