Re: [Haskell-cafe] The kind of (->)

On Mon, Oct 01, 2007 at 11:40:20AM +1000, jeeva suresh wrote:

Hi Guys!

According ghci the kind of (->) is "?? -> ? -> *"

What do the '??' mean? What is the difference between the '?' and the '*'

It's an implementation detail leaking out. GHC uses a set of special types to represent primitive values, and uses the kind system to enforce that they are never used as normal types. ? refers to ANYTHING, * refers only to normal types, and ?? refers to normal types and some of the special types. This is similar to the way that statically typed OO languages allow values of subclass types to be used as if they had superclass types. Stefan