Actually, this is a good question, at least as relating to floating point values. Is there a primitive to view the machine representation of floats? I'm thinking of functions like: reinterpretFloatAsWord :: Float -> Word32 reinterpretWordAsFloat :: Word32 -> Float reinterpretDoubleAsWord :: Double -> Word64 reinterpretWordAsDouble :: Word64 -> Double There are decodeFloat and encodeFloat in the RealFloat class, but these seem to be a bit heavy for inner-loop usage, especially when you are just going to paste the values back together into a word immediately anyways. Are the precision of Float and Double specified by the standard? There's actually lots of nice tricks you can do with these functions; for example, if you know you have a floating point value between 0 and 2^23-1, you can convert it to integer with a floating point add and an integer mask:

magic = 0x00800000 :: Float -- 2^23 magicMask = 0x007fffff :: Word32 -- 2^23 - 1

fastFloatToInt23 :: Float -> Word32 fastFloatToInt23 x = reinterpretFloatAsWord (x + magic) .&. magicMask

The add sets the exponent of the float to +23 and arranges it so the low bit of the float corresponds to "1", rounding if necessary. Then you can interpret the result as an integer and mask off the exponent and sign bit from the float, leaving you with just the integer value. This relies on the representation of IEEE single-precision floats, of course. These sorts of tricks come have in handy when working on graphics code; often I've found myself wanting to index into an array with the nearest value after some floating point computation. Texture mapping hardware does this conversion all the time, for example, and sometimes it's useful to emulate that behavior in software. -- ryan On Tue, Oct 28, 2008 at 10:08 AM, Brandon S. Allbery KF8NH wrote:

On 2008 Oct 28, at 10:38, haihualin wrote:

...

I am wondering how to get the binary respentation of the Int/Double. So I can save the integer as the binary data so that the C program can read it from the file.

The Binary package on Hackage (http://hackage.haskell.org) allows you to serialize Haskell data in any form including C-compatible binary output.

-- brandon s. allbery [solaris,freebsd,perl,pugs,haskell] allbery@kf8nh.com system administrator [openafs,heimdal,too many hats] allbery@ece.cmu.edu electrical and computer engineering, carnegie mellon university KF8NH

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