Hi everybody, I'm trying to squeeze more performance out of Haskell, and I'm hoping someone can help me understand why the following two pieces of code have different performance. In particular, I find that the apparently 'more parallel' version of the code performs worse. Quick description of the code: basically it solves the following problem [https://www.spoj.com/problems/PALIN/]. The input is a set of huge integer numbers. For each number, print the smallest 'palindrome' that is larger. A palindrome is a number for which when you reverse its digits you end up with the same number. The code uses 'parBuffer' to do the calculations in parallel. Below is high-level description of the steps of each version: Version 1 [palin.parfromstring.hs]: 1. Read the input numbers as strings into a list 2. Perform the following calculation for each number (the steps for this calculation run in sequence, the entire calculation runs in parallel w.r.t. different numbers): 2.1 Convert from string to array of digits 2.2 Calculate the palindrome in-place The result of step 2 is a list of digit-arrays. That concludes the parallel step. 3. For each palindrome, convert it to a string and print it. Version 2 [palin.parfromstringtostring.hs]: 1. Same as above 2.1 Same as above 2.2 Same as above 2.3 Convert the palindrome to a string 3. For each string, print it. I'd expect that version 2 is faster than version 1 because it's doing the conversion back to string also in parallel, but on a set of 50 numbers it's surprisingly ~750ms slower on my computer. I see that the GC is doing a lot more copying for version 2 (1GB more than version 1), but I don't really understand what I'm looking it. :) How can one best think about getting more performance out of parallelism in Haskell? As in, what are some good rules of thumb by which one can decide 'parallelize this, don't parallelize that'? Attached you can find the event logs for ThreadScope and full code for each version. The code is almost identical, so attached is also the diff between the two. Thanks in advance