On Sun, 2007-03-18 at 05:48 -0400, Isaac Dupree wrote:

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Compare the guarantees (in practice and/or theoretically) of inlinePerformIO and unsafePerformIO . unsafeInterleaveIO (i.e. function composition) (aside from inlinePerformIO being better optimized). Are they the same, or if not, what do they mean - what are the differences?

I think unsafePerformIO . unsafeInterleaveIO = unsafePerformIO and semantically inlinePerformIO = unsafePerformIO in as much as either of those have any semantics at all. The difference of course is that inlinePerformIO is even less safe than unsafePerformIO. While ghc will try not to duplicate or common up different uses of unsafePerformIO, we aggressively inline inlinePerformIO. So you can really only use it where the IO content is really properly pure, like reading from an immutable memory buffer (as in the case of ByteStrings). However things like allocating new buffers should not be done inside inlinePerformIO since that can easily be floated out and performed just once for the whole program, so you end up with many things sharing the same buffer, which would be bad. So the rule of thumb is that IO things wrapped in unsafePerformIO have to be exernally pure while with inlinePerformIO it has to be really really pure or it'll all go horribly wrong. That said, here's some really hairy code. This should frighten any pure functional programmer... write :: Int -> (Ptr Word8 -> IO ()) -> Put () write !n body = Put $ \c buf@(Buffer fp o u l) -> if n <= l then write' c fp o u l else write' (flushOld c n fp o u) (newBuffer c n) 0 0 0 where {-# NOINLINE write' #-} write' c !fp !o !u !l = -- warning: this is a tad hardcore inlinePerformIO (withForeignPtr fp (\p -> body $! (p `plusPtr` (o+u)))) `seq` c () (Buffer fp o (u+n) (l-n)) it's used like: word8 w = write 1 (\p -> poke p w) This does not adhere to my rule of thumb above. Don't ask exactly why we claim it's safe :-) (and if anyone really wants to know, ask Ross Paterson who did it first in the Builder monoid) Duncan