Hi, I felt inspired to revive the free theorem calculator and gave it a new home (and a modern, browser-only, FRP-based implementation): http://free-theorems.nomeata.de/ which prints forall t1,t2 in TYPES, R in REL(t1,t2). forall (x, y) in lift{(,)}(id,R). (g_{t1} x, g_{t2} y) in lift{(,)}(id,R) as the free theorem, which is (if one squints) the same as my ∀ z z' Rz, ∀ a x x', x Rz x' → fst (g (a,x)) = fst (g (a,x')) ∧ snd (g (a,x)) Rz snd (g (a,x')) Enjoy, Joachim Am Montag, den 23.07.2018, 10:56 -0700 schrieb Conal Elliott:

Thank you, Joachim! I'm refreshing my memory of free theorem construction from that blog post. Regards, -- Conal

On Mon, Jul 23, 2018 at 8:33 AM, Joachim Breitner wrote:

...

Hi Conal,

Am Sonntag, den 22.07.2018, 21:29 -0700 schrieb Conal Elliott:

...

Suppose `g :: forall z. (A,z) -> (B,z)`. Is it necessarily the case that `g = first f` for some `f :: A -> B` (where `first f (a,b) = (f a, b)`), perhaps as a free theorem for the type of `g`?

there used to be a free theorem calculator at http://www-ps.iai.uni-bonn.de/ft but it seems to be down :-(

There is a shell client, ftshell, lets see what it says… it does not build with ghc-8.0 any more :-(

Ah, but lambdabot understands @free:

<nomeata> @free g :: forall z. (A,z) -> (B,z) <lambdabot> $map_Pair $id f . g = g . $map_Pair $id f

Which is basically what you are writing here:

...

Note that `(A,)` and `(B,)` are functors and that `g` is a natural transformation, so `g . fmap h == fmap h . g` for any `h :: u -> v`. Equivalently, `g . second h == second h . g` (where `second h (a,b) = (a, h b)`).

Doesn’t that already answer the question? Let’s try to make it more rigorous. I define

f :: A -> B f a = fst (g (a, ())

and now want to prove that g = first f, using the free theorem… which is tricky, because the free theorem is actually not as strong as it could be; it should actually be phrased in terms of relations relation, which might help with the proof.

So let me try to calculate the free theorem by hand, following https://www.well-typed.com/blog/2015/05/parametricity/

g is related to itself by the relation

[forall z. (A,z) -> (B,z)]

and we can calculate

g [forall z. (A,z) -> (B,z)] g ↔ ∀ z z' Rz, g [(A,z) -> (B,z)] g -- Rz relates z and z' ↔ ∀ z z' Rz, ∀ p p', p [(A,z)] p' → g p [(B,z)] g p' ↔ ∀ z z' Rz, ∀ p p', fst p = fst p' ∧ snd p Rz snd p' → fst (g p) = fst (g p') ∧ snd (g p) Rz snd (g p') ↔ ∀ z z' Rz, ∀ a x x', x Rz x' → fst (g (a,x)) = fst (g (a,x')) ∧ snd (g (a,x)) Rz snd (g (a,x'))

We can use this to show

∀ (a,x :: z). fst (g (a,x)) = f a

using (this is the tricky part that requires thinking)

z := z, z' := (), Rz := λ_ _ -> True, a := a, x := x, x' := ()

as then the theorem implies

fst (g (a,x)) = fst (g (a, ()) = f a.

We can also use it to show

∀ (a,x :: z). snd (g (a,x)) = x

using

z := z, z' := z, Rz := const (= x), a := a, x := x, x' := x

as then the theorem implies, under the true assumption x Rz z'

(snd (g (a,x))) Rz (snd (g (a,x'))) ↔ snd (g (a,x)) = x

And from

∀ (a,x :: z). fst (g (a,x)) = f a ∀ (a,x :: z). snd (g (a,x)) = x

we can conclude that

g = first f

as intended.

Cheers, Joachim

_______________________________________________ Haskell-Cafe mailing list To (un)subscribe, modify options or view archives go to: http://mail.haskell.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe Only members subscribed via the mailman list are allowed to post. -- Joachim Breitner mail@joachim-breitner.de http://www.joachim-breitner.de/

Thank you! Are you going to add a place for auxiliary definitions? Perhaps also a few default definitions like lambdabot uses? As it is, there doesn't seem to be a way to use non-Prelude to constructors. One more thing, that was missing from the original: a good explanation of what the output means. "lift" is particularly mysterious. Lambdabot seems to replace these with calls to normal Haskell functions. Perhaps that can be done sometimes? One last thing: the FRP interface seems a bit *too* responsive. It's not fun to see error messages flashing on and off as I type. Perhaps it would make sense to add a delay before activating one of those? On Tue, Jul 24, 2018, 1:38 PM Joachim Breitner wrote:

Hi,

I felt inspired to revive the free theorem calculator and gave it a new home (and a modern, browser-only, FRP-based implementation):

http://free-theorems.nomeata.de/

which prints

forall t1,t2 in TYPES, R in REL(t1,t2). forall (x, y) in lift{(,)}(id,R). (g_{t1} x, g_{t2} y) in lift{(,)}(id,R)

as the free theorem, which is (if one squints) the same as my

∀ z z' Rz, ∀ a x x', x Rz x' → fst (g (a,x)) = fst (g (a,x')) ∧ snd (g (a,x)) Rz snd (g (a,x'))

Enjoy, Joachim

Am Montag, den 23.07.2018, 10:56 -0700 schrieb Conal Elliott:

...

Thank you, Joachim! I'm refreshing my memory of free theorem construction from that blog post. Regards, -- Conal

On Mon, Jul 23, 2018 at 8:33 AM, Joachim Breitner < mail@joachim-breitner.de> wrote:

...

Hi Conal,

Am Sonntag, den 22.07.2018, 21:29 -0700 schrieb Conal Elliott:

...

Suppose `g :: forall z. (A,z) -> (B,z)`. Is it necessarily the case that `g = first f` for some `f :: A -> B` (where `first f (a,b) = (f a, b)`), perhaps as a free theorem for the type of `g`?

there used to be a free theorem calculator at http://www-ps.iai.uni-bonn.de/ft but it seems to be down :-(

There is a shell client, ftshell, lets see what it says… it does not build with ghc-8.0 any more :-(

Ah, but lambdabot understands @free:

<nomeata> @free g :: forall z. (A,z) -> (B,z) <lambdabot> $map_Pair $id f . g = g . $map_Pair $id f

Which is basically what you are writing here:

...

Note that `(A,)` and `(B,)` are functors and that `g` is a natural transformation, so `g . fmap h == fmap h . g` for any `h :: u -> v`. Equivalently, `g . second h == second h . g` (where `second h (a,b) = (a, h b)`).

Doesn’t that already answer the question? Let’s try to make it more rigorous. I define

f :: A -> B f a = fst (g (a, ())

and now want to prove that g = first f, using the free theorem… which is tricky, because the free theorem is actually not as strong as it could be; it should actually be phrased in terms of relations relation, which might help with the proof.

So let me try to calculate the free theorem by hand, following https://www.well-typed.com/blog/2015/05/parametricity/

g is related to itself by the relation

[forall z. (A,z) -> (B,z)]

and we can calculate

g [forall z. (A,z) -> (B,z)] g ↔ ∀ z z' Rz, g [(A,z) -> (B,z)] g -- Rz relates z and z' ↔ ∀ z z' Rz, ∀ p p', p [(A,z)] p' → g p [(B,z)] g p' ↔ ∀ z z' Rz, ∀ p p', fst p = fst p' ∧ snd p Rz snd p' → fst (g p) = fst (g p') ∧ snd (g p) Rz snd (g p') ↔ ∀ z z' Rz, ∀ a x x', x Rz x' → fst (g (a,x)) = fst (g (a,x')) ∧ snd (g (a,x)) Rz snd (g (a,x'))

We can use this to show

∀ (a,x :: z). fst (g (a,x)) = f a

using (this is the tricky part that requires thinking)

z := z, z' := (), Rz := λ_ _ -> True, a := a, x := x, x' := ()

as then the theorem implies

fst (g (a,x)) = fst (g (a, ()) = f a.

We can also use it to show

∀ (a,x :: z). snd (g (a,x)) = x

using

z := z, z' := z, Rz := const (= x), a := a, x := x, x' := x

as then the theorem implies, under the true assumption x Rz z'

(snd (g (a,x))) Rz (snd (g (a,x'))) ↔ snd (g (a,x)) = x

And from

∀ (a,x :: z). fst (g (a,x)) = f a ∀ (a,x :: z). snd (g (a,x)) = x

we can conclude that

g = first f

as intended.

Cheers, Joachim

_______________________________________________ Haskell-Cafe mailing list To (un)subscribe, modify options or view archives go to: http://mail.haskell.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe Only members subscribed via the mailman list are allowed to post. -- Joachim Breitner mail@joachim-breitner.de http://www.joachim-breitner.de/

---

Haskell-Cafe mailing list To (un)subscribe, modify options or view archives go to: http://mail.haskell.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe Only members subscribed via the mailman list are allowed to post.

Hi, Am Dienstag, den 24.07.2018, 14:47 -0400 schrieb Joachim Breitner:

I guess I can use https://hackage.haskell.org/package/reflex-dom-0.3/candidate/docs/Reflex-Dom... for this somehow. But I guess I only want to delay errors, not successes – I will give it a shot

Sure, why not: https://github.com/nomeata/free-theorems-static-webui/commit/20c9aca it seems to work. If some reflex-expert could check if this makes sense, that would be great: -- | Errors are delayed, but successes go through immediatelly delayError :: (PerformEvent t m, MonadHold t m, TriggerEvent t m, MonadIO (Performable m)) => Dynamic t (Either a b) -> m (Dynamic t (Either a b)) delayError d = do delayedEvents <- delay 0.5 (updated d) d' <- holdDyn Nothing (Just <$> delayedEvents) return $ do now <- d past <- d' return $ case (past, now) of (Nothing, _) -> now -- before any delayed events arrive (_, Right _ ) -> now -- current value is good (Just x, Left _) -> x -- current value is bad, delay Cheers, Joachim -- Joachim Breitner mail@joachim-breitner.de http://www.joachim-breitner.de/