Currently, the implementations of fromList for Data.Set and Data.Map try to take advantage of inputs with some prefix in strictly increasing order. It uses the fast (O (n)) fromDistinctAscList algorithm for the strictly ascending prefix, and then falls back on the slower (O (n log n)) naive algorithm for the rest. For Data.Set, this works roughly like the implementation sketched at the bottom of this message. This whole thing strikes me as a bit odd: changing just the first element of the input list can have a substantial impact on the overall performance. In my opinion, there are two reasonable ways to implement this function: 1. Don't bother to try to take advantage of preexisting ordering. This is the simplest option, and will probably be fastest for lists with little preexisting order. 2. Try to take advantage of sorted ascending and descending "runs". A simple version would be to break up the input list into ascending and descending segments (merging duplicates on the fly), use fromDistinctAscList or fromDistinctDescList to convert each segment, and combine the segments using set unions. This option will be slower for totally unsorted lists, but should degrade much more gradually than the current algorithm as disorder is added. Wren suggests that there may be other variations on the same theme that we could consider. Should we A. Switch to 1 (and offer 2 by another name) B. Switch to 2 (and offer 1 by another name?) C. Leave fromList alone and offer 2 by another name Note that option 1 can be implemented quite easily outside the library using insert and foldl'; option 2 is not something users should be expected to write themselves. If we add names, what should those be? Thanks, David Feuer Current implementation sketch: fromList :: Ord a => [a] -> Set a fromList xs = foldl' (flip insert) sortedSet unsortedList where sortedSet = fromDistinctAscList sortedList (sortedList, unsortedList) = spanStrictlyAscending xs spanStrictlyAscending [] = ([], []) spanStrictlyAscending (x : xs) = x : go x xs where go prev (n : ns) | prev < n = first (n :) $ go n ns go _ ns = ([], ns)