Hello Everyone, I have recently spent some time improving GHC's support for "threadsafe" foreign calls. As a side effect of fixing a crashing bug, I made "safe" behave in exactly the same way as "threadsafe". Now I have to document it... :-( I'm not very happy with the current definition of safety levels in the FFI addendum (section 3.3, Import Declarations). So before I write up somethhing for the GHC user manual explaining how GHC interprets it and why it does so, I'll try to convince someone to change or at least clarify the FFI spec a bit: First, some things that are unclear: Are safe calls _guaranteed_ to block all other haskell threads and prevent garbage collection, or is that an implementation detail? Are unsafe calls guaranteed to do so? {In a SMP implementation, this might require additional interthread messaging}. What should happen when C code running in a separate OS thread calls a foreign exported function while the Haskell Runtime is blocked on a safe call? Some more points: In what way can a "safe" call be considered safe in a multithreaded environment? After all it may cause very hard-to-predict blocking. I think that "threadsafe" should be the default, where available. It _may_ be possible to implement "safe" in a way that is slightly more efficient than "threadsafe", however this is relatively hard to do correctly in the context of GHC, and I don't expect a big performance gain. But if that is possible, then "safe" would be just a hint for increasing performance by sacrificing some "safety". It should be renamed to something else. "Ceterum censeo" that "threadsafe" should be the default. Some people have said that "safe" calls are intended for serializing access to foreign libraries that are not multithread-safe. I think that MVars should be used for such purposes. Blocking the entire Haskell Runtime for the duration of a "safe" call is overkill, but it's not always enough: Many old C libraries keep state in global variables from one call to the next. Cheers, Wolfgang -- ceterum censeo invocationes "tutas" esse delendas.