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RE: Fast Mutable arrays and a general question about IO
by Garner, Robin 04 May '03

04 May '03

Here's an example of mine, that uses a hash table to construct a word frequency table. By no means is this great code - for example the hash table filling up will lead to an infinite loop ... This function produces a word frequency list using an intermediate hash table to accumulate the counts. > makemap :: [String] -> [(String,Int)] > makemap l = filter ((> 0) . snd) $ > runST (emptyHT >>= flip (foldM insertHT) l >>= getElems) The hash table structure, an array.ST > maxHash = 10000 ::Int > > type HT s = STArray s Int (String,Int) > > emptyHT :: ST s (HT s) > emptyHT = newArray (0,maxHash) ("",0) Update the hash table with a single entry > insertHT :: HT s -> String -> ST s (HT s) > insertHT h s = findSlot s h (hash s) >>= updateSlot h s >> return h Finds the correct slot in the hash table, returning the slot index and the old count. > findSlot :: String -> HT s -> Int -> ST s (Int,Int) > findSlot s h i = do (s',c) <- readArray h i > if c == 0 || s == s' > then return (i,c) > else findSlot s h ((i+1) `mod` maxHash) > > updateSlot :: HT s -> String -> (Int,Int) -> ST s () > updateSlot h s (i,n) = writeArray h i (s,n+1) Simple (simplistic ?) hash function > hash :: String -> Int > hash = (`mod` maxHash) . foldl' hash' 0 > where hash' acc c = acc * 2 + ord c

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Re: Fast Mutable arrays and a general question about IO
by Jon Cast 03 May '03

03 May '03

Ron de Bruijn <rondebruijn(a)yahoo.com> wrote: > Hi there, > > I have been busy for a couple of days now, to just get a bit more > feeling on Haskell and I have read a bunch of tutorials, also about > Monads and experimented of course. And now I want to use it for my > real world problem. I think I understand the languageprinciples good > enough, but I yet don't understand the syntax of all of the > functioninterfaces. And that's my problem. > > I want to create the fastest array as possible in Haskell Why? It's not always necessary to go for maximum speed; do you have a reason for needing it in this case? > and I understood that I should use this function(the function below > that creates a mutable array). The only problem is that I don't kwow > how to use it. > > Constructing mutable arrays > > newArray :: (MArray a e m, Ix i) => (i, i) -> e -> m (a i e) > Builds a new array, with every element initialised to undefined. No; that's newArray_. (newArray bounds x) builds an array with every element initialized to x. > Reading and writing mutable arrays > > readArray :: (MArray a e m, Ix i) => a i e -> i -> m e > > Read an element from a mutable array > > writeArray :: (MArray a e m, Ix i) => a i e -> i -> e -> m () > Write an element in a mutable array > > I see it takes two arguments: a tuple of an index type (I use Int, so > for example (0,1) 0 for the lower bound, 1 for the upper bound.), I assume you're talking about newArray here, right? If so, you're correct. > but the e (according to "GHC documentation" it says the "element > type"). Well the type of my elements should be my own datatype > myDataType, but I can't even get it done to create simple mutable > array's of Int or Bool. > How can I make it work with my own datatype myDataType (could you give > some examples for the use of the below functions?)? I think you mean `above'. In any case, could you show us some code you have that's not working? That'll make it much easier for us to answer your questions. > Is it OK to say that in Haskell any value that is put from an extern > source of the program (reading a file, reading stdin etc.) to a really > pure function, must be in a do notation (essentially being a Monadic > operation)? Yes. More specifically, they don't need to use do-notation (although if you don't know why not, don't worry about it), but they do have to be monadic. Specifically, they have to use the IO monad. > So to put it more concrete: In any Haskell program that does IO there > is always some function that has this form: > > do x<-someSource > putBoundVariableToSomeOtherFunctionThatDoesMonadicOperations > (restOfPureFunctionalProgramForExample x) No. > So it's not possible to write some function that does the following: > > f::Int > f do x<-getChar --suppose the Char is a number > someSpecialReturnFunction x > > and than the result of the IO is only Int after some alterations of > above code. Correct. (I don't think this is a big issue; a Haskell program is required to execute in terms of a value `main' in the IO monad.) <snip> Jon Cast

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Re: How to Check whether a file exists and IO[String] vs [String]
by Jon Cast 02 May '03

02 May '03

Alexandre Weffort Thenorio <alethenorio(a)home.se> wrote: > Hello. I am having two problems. I have a program that reads two texts > file and writes a new text with its info. So I have done so that if > main file doesn't exist I just output an error string but my problem > is when it comes to the second file. This file is not exactly needed > so if it is not there, the program should just ignore the file. I > tried doing that but if the second file is there I also get an error > saying that it couldn;t find the file. So is it possible to check > whether a file exists Yes. See Directory.doesFileExist. > or not outputting and empty string if not or the actual data from it > if so without giving an error and making the program not run?? > > For example > > main = do > mainfile <- readFile "xxxxx.txt" > secondfile <- readMyFile "yyyy.txt" > writeFile "test.txt" mainfile++secondfile > > > readMyFile file = do > list <- readFile file > if list == "" then return "" else return list > > Apparently this doesn't work and if file doesn't exist it still gives > me an error. Correct. readFile always assumes the file exists (not to mention, if list == "", then list = "", so we can calculate: readMyFile file = do list <- readFile file if list == "" then return "" else return list = do list <- readFile file if list == "" then return list else return list = do list <- readFile file return list = readFile file so your readMyFile function as written is unnecessary.) If you want to take a different action if the file doesn't exists you have to use doesFileExist as above. > Another problem I ran into is with IO[String] and [String]. > > I have a function like > > foo = do > nf <- readFile "xxx.txt" > return (lines nf) > > Then when I try using foo like a [String] in other programs I run into > type error. True. IO a /= a; they're not even isomorphic. > How can I turn this IO[String] into a [String] so I don't actually > have to open this file in the main and then use it as an argument of > another function running "lines' on main method???? If you want to pass the result into f, you can say: do x <- foo return (f x) or fmap f foo. Jon Cast

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I want to hear from you today my good friend.
by Farnades Clark 02 May '03

02 May '03

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(no subject)
by Thomas F. Kochmann 01 May '03

01 May '03

Hi, Does anybody know how to transfer arguments such as through C's args and argv[]? Thomas

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Fast Mutable arrays and a general question about IO
by Ron de Bruijn 01 May '03

01 May '03

Hi there, I have been busy for a couple of days now, to just get a bit more feeling on Haskell and I have read a bunch of tutorials, also about Monads and experimented of course. And now I want to use it for my real world problem. I think I understand the languageprinciples good enough, but I yet don't understand the syntax of all of the functioninterfaces. And that's my problem. I want to create the fastest array as possible in Haskell and I understood that I should use this function(the function below that creates a mutable array). The only problem is that I don't kwow how to use it. Constructing mutable arrays newArray :: (MArray a e m, Ix i) => (i, i) -> e -> m (a i e) Builds a new array, with every element initialised to undefined. Reading and writing mutable arrays readArray :: (MArray a e m, Ix i) => a i e -> i -> m e Read an element from a mutable array writeArray :: (MArray a e m, Ix i) => a i e -> i -> e -> m () Write an element in a mutable array I see it takes two arguments: a tuple of an index type(I use Int, so for example (0,1) 0 for the lower bound, 1 for the upper bound.) , but the e (according to "GHC documentation" it says the "element type"). Well the type of my elements should be my own datatype myDataType, but I can't even get it done to create simple mutable array's of Int or Bool. How can I make it work with my own datatype myDataType(could you give some examples for the use of the below functions?)? Is it OK to say that in Haskell any value that is put from an extern source of the program(reading a file, reading stdin etc.) to a really pure function, must be in a do notation(essentially being a Monadic operation)? So to put it more concrete: In any Haskell program that does IO there is always some function that has this form: do x<-someSource putBoundVariableToSomeOtherFunctionThatDoesMonadicOperations(restOfPureFunctionalProgramForExample x) So it's not possible to write some function that does the following: f::Int f do x<-getChar --suppose the Char is a number someSpecialReturnFunction x and than the result of the IO is only Int after some alterations of above code. P.S. Will it give any significant loss in speed if myDataType is lazy (no use of the !-sign in the constructors))? P.P.S. If there are array's that are even faster in Haskell, please let me know? Thanks in advance, Ron __________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? The New Yahoo! Search - Faster. Easier. Bingo. http://search.yahoo.com

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01 May '03

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30 Apr '03

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Is Haskell usefull for me?
by Ron de Bruijn 29 Apr '03

29 Apr '03

Hi there, I have developed a new timetablingalgorithm, at least I think it is.. I already tested it in C++, but it's not quite complete and before it's a really great application the program will be tens of times bigger. I used Helium(subsetlanguage of Haskell) in the past few months and I think it's working better dan C++(especially because there's a lot to know about C++, before you really "know" C++). I want to use Haskell for creating a GUI. Furtermore I need some speed(code can't be more than 1.5 times slower than C++). And I want to use large array's(>60000 elements) where each element had an type in it with another 5 elements. data Thing=ConFunction Int Int Int Int Int Thus an array of Thing. I use Windows 98 Se (It seems that some libs. are only for UNIX.) Is it usefull for me to use Haskell, are there enough libraries so I can easily recreate and improve my program? Could you give some examples of possible functions or libraries I should use? Regards, Ron __________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? The New Yahoo! Search - Faster. Easier. Bingo. http://search.yahoo.com

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Re: seeking lore of the QuickCheck masters
by Lauri Alanko 29 Apr '03

29 Apr '03

On Tue, Apr 15, 2003 at 11:40:25AM +0100, Malcolm Wallace wrote: > You want a generator that can produce an arbitrary code fragment, > *given* what type you want it to have. So first, generate an arbitrary > type, then generate an arbitrary expression for it. "Generate an arbitrary proposition, then generate an arbitrary proof for it." Boy, it's _that_ simple? :) Lauri Alanko la(a)iki.fi

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