i understand now how to filter existing xml doc with haxml. but what about creation from scratch ? if i have myCFel = mkElem "tag" [(literal "value")] myel is a CFilter, not an element so i i want to create a effective element ( to pass to putStrLn . render $ ppContent for instance), i should give it something to filter, like emptyContent = CString False "" to finally do myel = mylit emptyContent . are there any other way to use combinator for creating a structure ( as opposed to "operate on an existing structure")? thanks Luc This message is for the named person's use only. It may contain confidential, proprietary or legally privileged information. No confidentiality or privilege is waived or lost by any mistransmission. If you receive this message in error, please immediately delete it and all copies of it from your system, destroy any hard copies of it and notify the sender. You must not, directly or indirectly, use, disclose, distribute, print, or copy any part of this message if you are not the intended recipient. CREDIT SUISSE GROUP and each of its subsidiaries each reserve the right to monitor all e-mail communications through its networks. Any views expressed in this message are those of the individual sender, except where the message states otherwise and the sender is authorised to state them to be the views of any such entity. Unless otherwise stated, any pricing information given in this message is indicative only, is subject to change and does not constitute an offer to deal at any price quoted. Any reference to the terms of executed transactions should be treated as preliminary only and subject to our formal written confirmation.