Hello S., Tuesday, September 25, 2001, 9:08:48 AM, you wrote: SAJ> I just found out about a functional programming language called Joy (see SAJ> http://www.latrobe.edu.au/philosophy/phimvt/joy.html). SAJ> Joy differs from Haskell in that it has no variables. Instead, all SAJ> functions are postfix, taking a stack as their argument and returning a SAJ> stack as a result. No, this is just a good old Forth programming language. It's a pity that author of Joy even didn't mentioned Forth in his writings... What differs from Forth is a presence of an attemt to describe language in a mathematically-strict manner, more smarter base primitives (syntax, scopes/hierarchies e.t.c.) and an attempt of so called "Total RPN" in forthish world. RPN - reverse polish notation. SAJ> The system is very new and primitive, but looks promising. Isn't new. Forth is 30-years old, unfortunately it didn't received much interests from huge companies such as Microsoft or Borland. -- Best regards, hw mailto:hw@ksue.kharkov.ukrtel.net